Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder that can affect newborns. GERD occurs when the muscle that separates the stomach and the esophagus, called the lower esophageal sphincter, does not close properly. This allows stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as spitting up, vomiting, poor weight gain, and breathing difficulties. Infants with GERD may show symptoms shortly after feeding or during sleep. They may arch their backs, cry or fuss during or after feeding, and refuse to eat. Some may experience breathing difficulties, such as wheezing, choking, or coughing, and have recurrent respiratory infections. In severe cases, GERD can cause damage to the esophagus, leading to bleeding, ulcers, and scar tissue formation. Causes: GERD in newborns is usually caused by an immature digestive system. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that opens to allow food to enter the stomach and clo
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